Western Civilization

Octavian defeats them at the Battle of Actium Octavian is the unchallenged ruler of Rome Given the name "Augustus"- exalted one Given the name "imperator"- supreme military commander  Rome is now an empire not a republic Octavian's accomplishments expanded the Roman Empire further into Africa set up civil service to run government built a network of roads

I'm taking the test at  8:55-9:45am. Notes bread and entertainment keeps the plebeians happy, alive, quiet, distracted, and docile Tiberius Gracchus recognized the advantages of courting the plebians military generals worked that angle- led an army that conquers a land, then gives them a share in the spoils Julius ceasars accomplishments: conquered Gaul Serves as consul (one year) appoints himself as governor of Gaul Could satisfy his people  Had friends to use to his advantage.

.  Analyze the factors that contributed to the fall of the Roman Republic.

slaves made up 1/3 of Rome's population. Tiberius and Gaius attempted to help Rome's poor. They proposed reforms like limiting the size of estates and giving land to the poor. People loved Julius Ceasar as their ruler. Peaceful for 200 years because of pax romona.

The Punic Wars (264 - 146 BCE) Rome vs. Carthage three wars Rome wins first battle Rome wins second war Rome defeats carthage in 3rd war sold 50,000 slaves slaves did the work on the farms for the rich the big farms became massive estates called latifundia  

Rule of kings is replaced by rule of two consuls (“gotta be better than one”)   consuls are elected officials term of office: one year  always aristocrats ( patricians ) patricians traced their descent from a famous ancestor, or pater (“father”) duties: dealing justice, making law, commanding the army one consul could veto the other (reducing the power of the individual) fifth century BCE - patrician dominance of the government was challenged by the plebs (“people”) plebs were 98% of the population how did the patricians dominate? plebs had to serve in the army,         but could not hold office plebs were threatened with debt slavery plebs had no legal rights res publica -the people’s affairs brand new republic, ready to run democracy (the people’s assembly and the tribunes) aristocracy (the Senate - approx. 300 members) plus monarchy (the consuls) not a tyranny (e...

Etruscans  came from north-central part of the peninsula metalworkers, artists, architects Greeks Romans borrowed ideas from them, such as: religious beliefs alphabet much of their art military techniques and weaponry Latins were the first people to settle in rome Drained the swamps of Tiber Lucius Tarquinias Superbus the seventh and final king of Rome known as Tarquin the Proud (sometimes referred to as Tarquin the Arrogant) a true tyrant, in the old and modern sense of the word